Distribution for rotary engines



M. PELIZZOLA.

DISTRIBUTION FOR ROTARY ENGINESI APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28. 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I- Invenfor M. PelzLzz aZa/ M. PELIZZOLA.

DISTRIBUTION FOR ROTARY ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28, I919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a I I l/l/ 7 f I/ll/l Ill/Ill] yWl/l J/l/II Jnvreni'or M. PeZizzaLe/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MING PELI-ZZOLA, or MILAN, ITALY.

DISTRIBUTION FOR ROTARY ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 19, v1920.

Application filed January as, 1919. Serial No. 273,693. r

. gines, of which the following is a specification; v o 1 4 The present invention relates generally to rotary engines as steam machines, pumps,

hydraulic motors, air compressors,fans', ad- 1 l1ne hh-=- of the cylinder 1, a displace- 11161111 of said parts can be adopted; in this case the width of the ring 11- must vary justable brakes, counters and the like, and has for its objectto supply a suitable automatic valveless distribution. v

Some devices of this class have been previously described in the technical literature,

but only by way of proposing geometrical problems or as examples of the various combinations of rotary or curvilinear or swing ing link crank gear. I

The absence thus far ofpractical embodiments of such designs has been due to the fact that no satisfactory method had been devised heretofore for'the' fluid distribution in such engines, this being in the present case closely connected with the engine construction itself. 3

The present invention? solves the problem at issue by realizing a perfectly automatic distribution, whereby the fluid at the inlet is always maintained sharply separated from the fluid at the outlet'andthis with out the intermediary of any valves.

The annexed drawing. (Figures 123,-

4) shows in front and rear view and in cross vertical and horizontal sections an example of the novel distribution as appliedto' one of the said engines used as a pump.

Figs. 5 and 6 show twoother examples of actuation of theinvention. A

I wish it to be understood that the same engine-without altering its 'general construction, except a few constructional modifications that will be obvious to any skilled in the art can be used for all the purposes referred to above. v, Since, as already observed, the distribution under report is closely connected with the eng ne constructheobject of the present invention is simultaneously described. 1 indicates a barrelinternally shaped in the form of two cylindrical coaxial chamaccordingly. A bushing 5 projects from the outer surface of the cylinder 1-- while within said bushing the crankshaft v6 rotates In the front wall of the cylinder 1 two openings 7 and 8 are provided,being the inlet and outlet openings for'the fluid respectively drawn from or forced into the ducts 9 and 10, the machine being reversible. The half crescent shape of the openings 7 and 8 determines the system of the automatic distribution, as explained hereinafter.

16 represents a disk shaped cover having a cylindrical projection 20, the height of which varies according to the position' of the wall 18 with respect-to the midline 'f--fof the ring 11. The projection 20 completes together with the projection .17 the inner box so that between the latter and the outer formed which at its lower portion is provided with a partition 1 1. 2 and 3 designate two solid disks having a recess placed eccentricallynear the outer periphe'ry, to receive the hub l9 of the member 11 and extremity plf bthe crankshaft 6 passing through this The ring 11 connected by means of the diaphragm 18 to the hub 19 is the swinging piston.

The ring 11 is slotted at 12 according to a generatrix of its cylindrical surface. This slot is expanded to form an opening 13 formed in the diaphragm 18the outline of this opening being interrupted at the slot to permit of the ring and diaphragm being straddling the partition 14:. The shape of .the outline of the opening 13 is such that during the swinging of the ring 11, said. outcylindrical wall 1, an annular chamber is line still has a point of contact while slip-v ping thereon with the upper edge 15 of the partition 14. r

- locity imparted to the same.

The partition 14 is of curvilinear section: the curve of the surface of each of-its side walls is determined as the series of points of contact of the partition with the. adjacent edge of the slot 12, during the oscillation of the piston.

Sonic constructional alterations could be devised, which however do not modify the essence of the invention. For instance the bushing might be arranged in the cover, or

two bushings might be provided, one in the coverand one in the barrel in case it should be desired to adapt a complete crank-shaft -in'lieu of the crank shown, as may be required by the size of the engine. In the like I way any suitable arrangement can be used for the adjustment of the. crank support in the bushing 5 in order to compensate for any wear and preserve the requisite tightness, though the perfect balance of the motion will reduce the wear to a minimum and the engine running is such. that the fitting of a stufiing-box on the projecting portion of'the crank will generally be found unnecessary. I

A further important modification would consist in substituting for the point 15 (Fig. '1') two points by means of a curved, member equalin-thickness to the partition wall of the swinging piston.

The area of the window 13fwould thus be increased and thisvmight be advantageous when'fiuids of greater density must be dealt with and when it isdesired to alter the ve- Further,if the construction of the engine should make it desirable, the crank-shaft could be made stationary and the barrel rot'ated in its stead, the working remaining the same. 7 V V V 7 On-reference to the drawin it will be understood how the fluid distribution is effected when the crank-shaft is rotated. Let us assume the crankshaft torevolve inthe direction shown by arrow in Fig. 2 and the engine to start moving :wh'enthe swinging body is in the position shown in Fig. 1.- In

thecportion comprised between the larger inner cylindrical surface'of barrel 1, the outer cylindrical surface of the swinging body 11 and the partition 14 a space willresult that will increase up to full aperture ofthe window 7 and will afterward decrease till the said window is closed when the swinging body will pass again through the 7 starting position assumed above.

During this phase of the'distributionthe fluid has entered through window 7 into the barrel 1 and at the same time an equal volume of fluid will have been forced out through the window 8 on the opposite side of partition 14.

Thi s'takes place on the outer side of the 1 piston. the said partition is'connected to the "piston and in the remaining parts works, just as gine types.

swinging body, while on the inner side the 7 l filled with fluid and emptied at every revolution, and is thus performing a useful work too.

The outline offt he inlet and outlet open-. ings 7 and 8-is generated by twofarcs of circle, the center of one arc lying on the center line of the crank whenthelatter is other are lies on the center line of the crank when the crank is in its-top-most "position, and the radius of the former are being equal to or smaller than the maximum 8 0 in its lowest position while the center of the radius of the swinging bodywhile the radius of the latter arcis equal toor smaller than the minimum inner radius of the said body.

Two further examples of application of this distribution are shown in section in Figs. 5 and'6.- 1 r In the engine according to Fig. 5 the partition corresponding to'14 in Fig. l is arranged to slide in vertical direction dueto a weight or spring not shown on thefldraw ing and is made to always bear'a'gainst'the In the engine according to Fig. 6

theengine described.

These two constructions serious defect of the fluid inlet and outlet communicating with each other at the. piston dead center.

In Figs. 5 and '6 thenoveldistribution.

may be clearly seen as applied to these en- In the barrels the opening 7 8 and w 7 I too, however, never had a practical interestbecause of the p 7 8 respectively. are formed, whose outline is determined in the same manner as that of the opening 7 and 8 oflthe engine described above, with the only difference that in these two cases only the radius of the piston periphery comes into conideraition because only the outer portion of the piston is working. 7 j

The position of these two openingslis similar o h O the, first engine described. .The continuous separation f the n and outgoing fluid is also effected in a'simi- 119.1 manner, and the advantage is'likewise preservedfthat' ample inlet, and outlet areas can be designed, which could not be realized in these engines withoutthenovel distribution because otherwise-the inherent drawback ofsuch engines, viz. the communication betweenthe fluid inlet and outlet, would have been increased at the same time.

In order to increase the efiiciency of the described engine, the hollow central cylindrical portion should be so filled with a solid or non-solid, metallic or non-metallic part as to prevent the presence of air.

This object can be accomplished, for instance in the engine according to Figs. 1 and 2, where the filling parts are those numbered 2 and 3. In case the flat wall supporting the swinging body should be shifted close against the cover, the latter is reduced to a plain flat surface. In lieu of a bushing, as shown in the drawing, the fiat wall is provided with a solid journal. Instead of a crank, a cylinder solid with the engine shaft is arranged, and a recess formed at therequired distance from the center accommodates the said'journal.

Having now described my invention and how the same is to be carried out, what I claim as my invention is:

1. In a rotary engine or pump, a barrel having two chambers, a cover therefor, annular ribs projecting from the barrel and the cover, a shaft in the barrel and provided with a crank and a crank pin, a ring received in the barrel having a diaphragm and a hub for receiving the crank pin, and solid disks arranged within the space inclosed by the ribs and having eccentric openings for receiving the hub of the ring.

' 2. A rotary engine or pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the crank and crank pin are formed integral with one of the mo PEmzzo 

